Aleph as a Vowel letter in Old Aramaic. -The spelling of Samaria papyrus. -Phonological phenomena in the Grekk Papyri significant for the text and language of the new testament. -Idiomatic ancient Aramaic. -Of Beginnings, Ends, and computers in targumic Studies. -The historical present in the gospel of Mark. -Narravite and lament in Isaiah.